Electronic Civil Disobedience

Electronic civil disobedience (ECD; also known as cyber civil disobedience or cyber disobedience) can refer to any type of civil disobedience in which the participants use information technology to carry out their actions. Electronic civil disobedience often involves computers and the Internet and may also be known as hacktivism. Critical Art Ensemble (CAE), a collective of tactical media artists and practitioners, created "electronic civil disobedience" in the critical writings of their seminal 1996 text, _Electronic Civil Disobedience: And Other Unpopular Ideas_.1(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_civil_disobedience#cite_note-autogenerated1-1)2(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_civil_disobedience#cite_note-2) Electronic civil disobedience seeks to continue the practices of nonviolent-yet-disruptive protest originally pioneered by American poet Henry David Thoreau, who in 1848 published _Civil Disobedience "Civil Disobedience (Thoreau)")_.1(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_civil_disobedience#cite_note-autogenerated1-1)

Virtual sit-ins may be announced on the internet by hacktivist groups like the borderlands Hacklab.3(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_civil_disobedience#cite_note-3)

Stefan Wray writes about ECD:

"As hackers become politicized and as activists become computerized, we are going to see an increase in the number of cyber-activists who engage in what will become more widely known as Electronic Civil Disobedience. The same principals of traditional civil disobedience, like trespass and blockage, will still be applied, but more and more these acts will take place in electronic or digital form. The primary site for Electronic Civil Disobedience will be in cyberspace.1(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_civil_disobedience#cite_note-autogenerated1-1)